拱形骨架基于路基坡面防護的施工過程
路基坡面防護是防止土質或風化巖石的沖刷或剝落采取的措施，起到保護邊坡的整體穩定性，同時還可以美化路基和協調自然環境。路基坡面防護采用比較多的一種是山東拱形骨架防護，其施工過程主要分為以下8個步驟。
Roadbed slope protection is a measure taken to prevent erosion or peeling of soil or weathered rocks, which protects the overall stability of the slope and beautifies the roadbed and coordinates the natural environment. One of the most commonly used methods for roadbed slope protection is the Shandong arch skeleton protection, which is mainly divided into the following 8 steps in the construction process.
1、平整邊坡
1. Leveling the slope
采用人工對交驗后的坡面進行修正、整平，清楚坡面危石、松土、填補坑凹等，要求坡面平整、密實，線形平順。
Manual correction and leveling of the slope surface after inspection shall be carried out to remove dangerous rocks, loose soil, and fill in pits. The slope surface shall be flat, dense, and the line shape shall be smooth.
2、測量放樣
2. Surveying and setting out
測量放線前，工程部測量人員要根據涵洞位置并考慮混凝土踏步位置整體布拱，在所有拱圈位置確定后才能根據里程位置精確放線。根據測放的里程樁現場排出骨架位置，撒白灰線標示，排出骨架位置后，要對相鄰的里程樁再次進行閉合測量。確認無誤后方可進行基槽開挖。
Before surveying and setting out, the surveying personnel of the engineering department should arrange the overall arch based on the culvert position and consider the concrete step position. Only after determining the positions of all arch rings can the precise setting out be carried out according to the mileage position. According to the measured mileage stakes, the skeleton position should be arranged on site and marked with a white gray line. After the skeleton position is arranged, adjacent mileage stakes should be closed and measured again. Excavation of the foundation trench can only be carried out after confirming that there are no errors.
3、骨架基槽開挖
3. Excavation of skeleton foundation trench
根據施工控制樁拉線，定出拱架的輪廓，拱形骨架用石灰劃出，準備開挖拱架溝槽。采用人工或小型挖機開挖溝槽，根據設計控制線進行開挖，線形平順，槽底平整、密實無松散，尺寸、高程、坡度等檢測指標要滿足設計及規范要求。
According to the construction control pile, draw the outline of the arch frame, draw the arch skeleton with lime, and prepare to excavate the arch frame groove. Use manual or small excavators to excavate the trench, and excavate according to the design control line. The alignment should be smooth, the trench bottom should be flat, dense, and free from looseness. The detection indicators such as size, elevation, and slope should meet the design and specification requirements.
4、砂墊層鋪設
4. Sand cushion laying
在基槽開挖完成后，消除基地松散結構，并進行灑水，在基地平整、密實后即可進行砂墊層的鋪設。砂墊層鋪設使用土工布鋪底，并且防止其他雜物污染砂漿，不得直接倒在土基上使用，厚度為10cm，鋪設平整、密實。
After the excavation of the foundation trench is completed, the loose structure of the base is eliminated, and water is sprayed. After the base is leveled and compacted, the sand cushion can be laid. The sand cushion layer should be laid with geotextile and other debris should be prevented from contaminating the mortar. It should not be directly poured onto the soil foundation and should have a thickness of 10cm. The laying should be flat and dense.
5、拱圈預制塊鋪設
5. Prefabricated block laying of arch ring
預制塊自下而上進行鋪設，在砂漿墊層上安裝預制塊。施工時必須掛線砌筑，保證線性平順、砌體平整，與坡面緊密結合。為有效的讓上下左右砌筑塊體材料之間的連接更為牢固，砌筑過程中及時勾縫，勾縫采用同標號水泥砂漿，縫寬1cm，做成“凹縫”，縫寬要求均勻、直順。
Prefabricated blocks are laid from bottom to top and installed on the mortar cushion. During construction, it is necessary to hang lines for masonry to ensure linear smoothness, smooth masonry, and close integration with the slope surface. In order to effectively make the connection between the upper, lower, left, and right masonry block materials more secure, timely pointing is required during the masonry process. The pointing is made using cement mortar of the same grade, with a width of 1cm, forming a "concave joint". The joint width is required to be uniform and straight.
拱圈施工時，邊坡急流槽和檢查踏步一并配合施工需，將急流槽和檢查踏步設置于拱間處以利于排水。
During the construction of the arch ring, the slope chute and inspection steps should be combined to meet the construction requirements. The chute and inspection steps should be set between the arches to facilitate drainage.
6、設置伸縮縫
6. Set expansion joint
沿路線縱向每隔3~4個拱圈設伸縮縫一道，伸縮縫設置在拱頂預制塊附近，鋪砌預制塊時用木板隔開，施工完成后用浸瀝青麻絮填塞密實，填塞深度不小于10cm。
A expansion joint shall be set every 3-4 arch rings along the longitudinal direction of the route. The expansion joint shall be set near the precast blocks of the arch crown. The precast blocks shall be separated by wooden boards when paving. After the construction is completed, they shall be filled with asphalt soaked oakum, and the filling depth shall not be less than 10cm.
7、骨架養生
7. Skeleton health preservation
完成的拱形骨架護坡及時養生，進行覆蓋灑水，保持現澆砼、勾縫砂漿濕潤。
The completed arch skeleton slope protection should be maintained in a timely manner, covered and watered, and the cast-in-place concrete and pointing mortar should be kept moist.
8、拱架內植草綠化
8. Grass planting and greening within the arch frame
拱形骨架預制塊鋪砌完成，待拱架具有一定強度后，進行客土回填，并對土進行夯實，注意培土頂面低于骨架3~5cm，之后在骨架內三維網植草綠化，采用人工撒播的方式，撒播草種后在坡體表面撒5cm厚細粒客土并灑水濕潤避免草種受雨水沖失或烈日暴曬。
After the prefabricated block paving of the arch skeleton is completed and the arch frame has a certain strength, backfill the surrounding soil and compact the soil. Pay attention to the top surface of the soil being 3-5cm lower than the skeleton. Then, plant grass and greenery in the three-dimensional mesh of the skeleton using manual sowing. After sowing the grass seeds, sprinkle 5cm thick fine-grained soil on the slope surface and wet it with water to avoid the grass seeds being washed away by rainwater or exposed to the scorching sun.
拱形骨架基于路基坡面防護的施工過程相關內容就講解到這里了，希望對您有所幫助，更多事項就來我們網站http://www.cpw944.cn咨詢!
That's all for the construction process of arch skeleton based on roadbed slope protection. We hope it can be helpful to you. For more information, please visit our website http://www.cpw944.cn consulting service
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